What is hCG?

hCG is produced primarily by the placenta shortly after embryo implantation. Its structure is similar to luteinizing hormone (LH), which allows it to bind to LH receptors in the body.

Primary Biological Functions

• Supports early pregnancy
  hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which continues producing progesterone until the placenta can take over.

• Stimulates hormone production
  It promotes progesterone and estrogen synthesis, essential for maintaining the uterine lining.

• Fetal development
  Plays a role in fetal gonadal development, especially in male fetuses.

Effects in Non-Pregnant Individuals

Because hCG mimics LH, it has notable endocrine effects:

In men:

• Stimulates testosterone production by activating Leydig cells in the testes

• Helps maintain spermatogenesis

• Can prevent testicular atrophy when endogenous LH is suppressed

In women:

• Triggers ovulation (used in fertility treatments)

• Supports luteal function in assisted reproductive protocols

Medical & Clinical Uses

hCG is an FDA-approved medication, commonly used for:

• Fertility treatments (ovulation induction)

• Hypogonadism (to stimulate endogenous testosterone production)

• Cryptorchidism (undescended testes in pediatric patients)

• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)